Jump to content

Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest
Germany
Participating broadcaster
Former members
Participation summary
Appearances67
First appearance1956
Highest placement1st: 1982, 2010
Host1957, 1983, 2011
Participation history
External links
NDR page
Germany's page at Eurovision.tv Edit this at Wikidata
For the most recent participation see
Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024

Germany has officially participated in every Eurovision Song Contest since its inaugural edition in 1956, except in 1996 when its entry did not qualify past the audio-only pre-selection round, and consequently was not seen in the broadcast final and does not count as one of Germany's 67 appearances. No other country has been represented as many times. Along with France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, Germany is one of the "Big Five" countries that are automatically prequalified for the final, due to their participant broadcasters being the largest financial contributors to the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). The final is broadcast in Germany on ARD's flagship channel, Das Erste.

Germany first won the contest in 1982 with "Ein bißchen Frieden" performed by Nicole. The second German victory came 28 years later at the 2010 contest, when "Satellite" performed by Lena won. Katja Ebstein, who finished third in 1970 and 1971, then second in 1980, is the only performer to have made the top three on three occasions. Germany has a total of 11 top three placements, also finishing second with Lena Valaitis (1981) and twice with the group Wind (1985 and 1987), and finishing third with Mary Roos (1972), Mekado (1994) and Sürpriz (1999). Germany has finished last on ten occasions, receiving nul points in 1964, 1965 and 2015.

While having not reached the top-ten in 14 of the last 19 contests (2005–24), Michael Schulte achieved Germany's second-best result of the 21st century, by finishing fourth at the 2018 contest. Although German contestants have had varied levels of success, public interest remains high and the contest is one of the most-watched events each year.[1]

History

[edit]

The Federal Republic of Germany has participated in the contest since its inception in 1956.[2] Before German reunification in 1990, the country was occasionally presented as "West Germany". The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) did not participate in the Eurovision Song Contest, and instead took part in the Intervision Song Contest.

With one win (1982) and four second-place results (1980, 1981, 1985, and 1987), Germany was the second most successful country in the contest in the 1980s, behind Ireland, who had two wins in the decade.

1996 absence

[edit]

ARD had selected an artist and song to represent them at the 1996 contest, to be held in Oslo, Norway. Due to the large number of countries wanting to compete at Eurovision, the EBU determined that only 23 of the 30 countries could compete. Hosts Norway qualified automatically, the other 29 songs went into an audio-only pre-qualification round, with the top 22 going on to compete alongside Norway in Oslo. Unfortunately for Germany, its entry, Leon with "Planet of Blue", failed to earn enough points to progress to the final, finishing 24th. ARD and the EBU were not happy with this, as Germany was the biggest financial contributor at the time. This is the only time that Germany has been absent from the contest.

2000s

[edit]

In the 2000s, Germany has been notable for their adoption of musical styles which are not typical of Eurovision, such as country and western (Texas Lightning – "No No Never" in 2006) and swing (Roger Cicero – "Frauen regier'n die Welt" in 2007 and Alex Swings Oscar Sings – "Miss Kiss Kiss Bang" in 2009). Germany had some successes throughout the decade, Lou - "Let's Get Happy" came in 11th place out of 26 in 2003 and Stefan Raab came 5th in 2000, which was Germany's best placement during the 2000's. Germany tied for last in 2008 for points, but was awarded 23rd of 25 places when the results were posted. In 2009, ARD held an internal selection for the first time since 1995 due to lack of interest and viewing figures of the German national finals.[3] Alex Christensen and Oscar Loya were selected to represent Germany at the 2009 contest, where they performed on stage with burlesque artist Dita Von Teese. However they only managed to receive 35 points, placing 20th of 25 competing countries.

2010s

[edit]

In 2010, ARD approached former entrant and songwriter Stefan Raab and private network ProSieben to co-operate in finding a winning entry for the country. It has been said that Raab was approached due to his good record at the contest, finishing 5th in 2000 as well as writing entries in 1998 and 2004, which finished 7th and 8th, respectively. Raab agreed and conducted a TV casting show called Unser Star für Oslo which was broadcast on ARD and ProSieben. A winner arose in Lena Meyer-Landrut with "Satellite", who went on to win the contest. Two further collaborations with ProSieben provided the second and third top ten result in a row respectively in 2011 (Lena, who returned to defend her title with "Taken by a Stranger") and 2012 (Roman Lob with "Standing Still").

The streak of top 10 finishes was broken in the 2013 contest, when Cascada's song "Glorious" finished 21st with 18 points. The group Elaiza in 2014, Ann Sophie in 2015, Jamie-Lee in 2016 and Levina in 2017 finished in 18th, 27th (last), 26th (last) and 25th (second to last) place respectively. Ann Sophie became the country's third entry to finish with nul points, after Nora Nova in 1964 and Ulla Wiesner in 1965, and the first since the introduction of the current scoring system in 1975.

Germany's luck changed in 2018, when Michael Schulte brought them back to the top 5 for the first time since 2010 with "You Let Me Walk Alone", finishing in fourth place. This is the first time since 2012 that more than one country from the "Big Five" has made the top ten (with Italy finishing fifth) and the second time (after 2002) that two "Big Five" countries have made the top five since the establishment of the rule. The year after, the duo Sisters with the song "Sister" was not able to replicate the same success, receiving no points from the televote and finishing in 25th place with 24 points.

2020s

[edit]

Three further bottom five results were recorded by Germany at the start of the decade, that of Jendrik in 2021 (also receiving no points from the televote), Malik Harris in 2022 (receiving no points from the juries) and Lord of the Lost in 2023. This streak was broken by Isaak, whose entry "Always on the Run" placed 12th in 2024 with 117 points.

Organisation

[edit]

Since 1996, ARD consortium member Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) is who participates in the contest representing Germany. The responsibility within the consortium for the participation in the contest has changed hands between its different members over the years:[4]

In 1991 SFB worked in partnership with the East German broadcaster Deutscher Fernsehfunk (DFF) to select the German entry for that year's contest. Between 2010 and 2012, private broadcaster ProSieben worked in partnership with NDR.[4]

The process to select the German entry in the contest has changed over the years, with both national finals and internal selections (occasionally a combination of both formats) having been held.[4]

Germany and the "Big Five"

[edit]

Since 1999, Germany, along with France, Spain and the United Kingdom, have automatically qualified for the Eurovision final regardless of their results in previous contests.[5] The participant broadcasters from these countries earned this special status by being the four biggest financial contributors to the EBU, and subsequently became known as the "Big Four". In 2008, it was reported that the "Big Four" could lose their status and be forced to compete in the semi-finals;[6] however, this never materialised, and the rule remained in place.[7] When Italy returned to the contest in 2011, it was given the same untouchable status, thus upgrading the countries to members of a "Big Five".[8][9]

Germany was the first Big Five country to win the contest after the rule was introduced, courtesy of Lena in 2010. In terms of success, it is currently second behind Italy, which won in 2021 with Måneskin, and finished second in 2011 with Raphael Gualazzi and again in 2019 with Mahmood. However, taking into account Italy's absence from the contest for the first 11 years of the rule's existence, Germany remains the only country to have won out of the original "Big Four".

Participation overview

[edit]
Table key
1 First place
2 Second place
3 Third place
Last place
X Entry selected but did not compete
Upcoming event
Year Artist Song Language Final Points Semi Points
1956 Walter Andreas Schwarz "Im Wartesaal zum großen Glück" German [b] [b] No semi-finals
Freddy Quinn "So geht das jede Nacht" German
1957 Margot Hielscher "Telefon, Telefon" German 4 8
1958 Margot Hielscher "Für zwei Groschen Musik" German 7 5
1959 Alice and Ellen Kessler "Heut' woll'n wir tanzen geh'n" German 8 5
1960 Wyn Hoop "Bonne nuit ma chérie" German 4 11
1961 Lale Andersen "Einmal sehen wir uns wieder" German, French 13 3
1962 Conny Froboess "Zwei kleine Italiener" German 6 9
1963 Heidi Brühl "Marcel" German 9 5
1964 Nora Nova "Man gewöhnt sich so schnell an das Schöne" German 13 ◁ 0
1965 Ulla Wiesner "Paradies, wo bist du?" German 15 ◁ 0
1966 Margot Eskens "Die Zeiger der Uhr" German 10 7
1967 Inge Brück "Anouschka" German 8 7
1968 Wencke Myhre "Ein Hoch der Liebe" German 6 11
1969 Siw Malmkvist "Primaballerina" German 9 8
1970 Katja Ebstein "Wunder gibt es immer wieder" German 3 12
1971 Katja Ebstein "Diese Welt" German 3 100
1972 Mary Roos "Nur die Liebe läßt uns leben" German 3 107
1973 Gitte "Junger Tag" German 8 85
1974 Cindy and Bert "Die Sommermelodie" German 14 ◁ 3
1975 Joy Fleming "Ein Lied kann eine Brücke sein" German, English 17 15
1976 Les Humphries Singers "Sing, Sang, Song" German 15 12
1977 Silver Convention "Telegram" English 8 55
1978 Ireen Sheer "Feuer" German 6 84
1979 Dschinghis Khan "Dschinghis Khan" German 4 86
1980 Katja Ebstein "Theater" German 2 128
1981 Lena Valaitis "Johnny Blue" German 2 132
1982 Nicole "Ein bißchen Frieden" German 1 161
1983 Hoffmann and Hoffmann "Rücksicht" German 5 94
1984 Mary Roos "Aufrecht geh'n" German 13 34
1985 Wind "Für alle" German 2 105
1986 Ingrid Peters "Über die Brücke geh'n" German 8 62
1987 Wind "Laß die Sonne in dein Herz" German 2 141
1988 Maxi and Chris Garden "Lied für einen Freund" German 14 48
1989 Nino de Angelo "Flieger" German 14 46
1990 Chris Kempers and Daniel Kovac "Frei zu leben" German 9 60
1991 Atlantis 2000 "Dieser Traum darf niemals sterben" German 18 10
1992 Wind "Träume sind für alle da" German 16 27
1993 Münchener Freiheit "Viel zu weit" German 18 18 Kvalifikacija za Millstreet
1994 Mekado "Wir geben 'ne Party" German 3 128 No semi-finals
1995 Stone and Stone "Verliebt in Dich" German 23 ◁ 1
1996 Leon "Planet of Blue" German Failed to qualify[c] X 24 24
1997 Bianca Shomburg "Zeit" German 18 22 No semi-finals
1998 Guildo Horn "Guildo hat euch lieb" German 7 86
1999 Sürpriz "Journey to Jerusalem – Kudüs'e Seyahat" German, Turkish, English 3 140
2000 Stefan Raab "Wadde hadde dudde da?" German, English 5 96
2001 Michelle "Wer Liebe lebt" German, English 8 66
2002 Corinna May "I Can't Live Without Music" English 21 17
2003 Lou "Let's Get Happy" English 11 53
2004 Max "Can't Wait Until Tonight" English, Turkish 8 93 Member of the "Big Four"
2005 Gracia "Run & Hide" English 24 ◁ 4
2006 Texas Lightning "No No Never" English 14 36
2007 Roger Cicero "Frauen regier'n die Welt" German, English 19 49
2008 No Angels "Disappear" English 23 14
2009 Alex Swings Oscar Sings! "Miss Kiss Kiss Bang" English 20 35
2010 Lena "Satellite" English 1 246
2011 Lena "Taken by a Stranger" English 10 107 Member of the "Big Five"
Host country
2012 Roman Lob "Standing Still" English 8 110 Member of the "Big Five"
2013 Cascada "Glorious" English 21 18
2014 Elaiza "Is It Right" English 18 39
2015 Ann Sophie "Black Smoke" English 27 ◁ 0
2016 Jamie-Lee "Ghost" English 26 ◁ 11
2017 Levina "Perfect Life" English 25 6
2018 Michael Schulte "You Let Me Walk Alone" English 4 340
2019 S!sters "Sister" English 25 24
2020 Ben Dolic "Violent Thing" English Contest cancelled[d] X
2021 Jendrik "I Don't Feel Hate" English 25 3
2022 Malik Harris "Rockstars" English 25 ◁ 6
2023 Lord of the Lost "Blood & Glitter" English 26 ◁ 18
2024 Isaak "Always on the Run" English 12 117
2025 Confirmed intention to participate [10]

Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest

[edit]
Artist Song Language At Congratulations At Eurovision
Final Points Semi Points Year Place Points
Nicole "Ein bißchen Frieden" German Failed to qualify 7 106 1982 1 161

Hostings

[edit]
Year Location Venue Presenter(s)
1957 Frankfurt Großer Sendesaal Anaid Iplicjian
1983 Munich Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle Marlene Charell
2011 Düsseldorf Esprit Arena Anke Engelke, Judith Rakers and Stefan Raab

Awards

[edit]

Barbara Dex Award

[edit]
Year Performer Host city Ref.
1998 Guildo Horn United Kingdom Birmingham
[edit]

Conductors

[edit]
Year Conductor[e] Musical Director Notes Ref.
1956 Switzerland Fernando Paggi N/A Host conductor [12]
1957 Willy Berking [f]
1958 Netherlands Dolf van der Linden N/A Host conductor
1959 France Franck Pourcel
1960 Franz Josef Breuer
1961 France Franck Pourcel Host conductor
1962 Rolf-Hans Müller
1963 Willy Berking
1964
1965 Alfred Hause
1966 Willy Berking
1967 Hans Blum
1968 Horst Jankowski
1969 Hans Blum
1970 Christian Bruhn [13]
1971 Dieter Zimmermann
1972 Paul Kuhn
1973 Günther-Eric Thöner
1974 Werner Scharfenberger
1975 Rainer Pietsch
1976 United Kingdom Les Humphries
1977 United Kingdom Ronnie Hazlehurst Host conductor
1978 Jean Frankfurter
1979 Austria Norbert Daum
1980 Wolfgang Rödelberger [14]
1981
1982 Austria Norbert Daum
1983 Dieter Reith
1984 Luxembourg Pierre Cao N/A Host conductor
1985 Rainer Pietsch
1986 Hans Blum
1987 Hungarian People's Republic László Bencker
1988 United States Michael Thatcher
1989 No conductor
1990 Rainer Pietsch
1991 Hermann Weindorf
1992 Austria Norbert Daum
1993
1994
1995 Hermann Weindorf
1997 No conductor
1998 Stefan Raab [g]

Heads of delegation

[edit]
Year Head of delegation Ref.
19962005 Jürgen Meier-Beer
20072008 Manfred Witt
2015 Torsten Amarell
20162017 Carola Conze
20182019 Christoph Pellander
2020–present Alexandra Wolfslast

Commentators and spokespersons

[edit]

Over the years, commentary on ARD has been provided by several experienced radio and television presenters, including Ado Schlier, Thomas Gottschalk, Jan Hofer, Wolf Mittler, Fritz Egner and Werner Veigel. Peter Urban has provided commentary on Das Erste every year since 1997, and has only been absent once, in 2009, when he was forced to step down due to illness, with Tim Frühling from HR filling in to commentate in Moscow.[21] For the later-cancelled 2020 contest, Michael Schulte was set to commentate together with Urban. Both commentated the official EBU replacement show Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light instead, as well as the German replacement show Eurovision 2020 – das deutsche Finale from the Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg. Urban stepped down as the German commentator after the 2023 contest.[22] His successor is Thorsten Schorn.[23]

Other shows

[edit]
Show Commentator Channel Ref.
Songs of Europe Deutsches Fernsehen
Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest Peter Urban SWR, WDR
Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits[h] NDR, MDR, EinsFestival
Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light[i] Peter Urban, Michael Schulte Das Erste
[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes and references

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
  2. ^ a b The 1956 contest had secret voting and, apart from the winner, no results were released.
  3. ^ In order to reduce the number of participating countries at the 1996 event a qualifying round was held among all countries except the hosts. Germany failed to progress from this round; entries which failed to progress have subsequently been discounted by the EBU and do not feature as part of the countries' list of appearances.
  4. ^ The 2020 contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  5. ^ All conductors are of German nationality unless otherwise noted.
  6. ^ Also conducted for Belgium, Luxembourg, and Switzerland
  7. ^ Although the song didn't actually feature the orchestra, Raab still took the conductor's bow as the song's composer, writer, and arranger.
  8. ^ Broadcast on 16 May (NDR and MDR Fernsehen) and 22 May (EinsFestival)
  9. ^ Broadcast on a one-hour delay.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Mantel, Uwe (14 May 2023). "Die Quote stimmt: "ESC" holt höchste Marktanteile seit Lena" [The rate is right: "ESC" has the highest market share since Lena]. DWDL.de. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  2. ^ "Eurovision 1956 Results: Voting & Points". Eurovisionworld. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  3. ^ Floras, Stella (16 December 2008). "Germany: No national final for 2009". ESCToday. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
  4. ^ a b c "Alle deutschen ESC-Acts und ihre Titel". www.eurovision.de (in German). ARD. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  5. ^ O'Connor, John Kennedy (2005). The Eurovision Song Contest 50 Years The Official History. London: Carlton Books Limited. ISBN 1-84442-586-X.
  6. ^ Murray, Gavin (28 May 2008). "Big 4 (France: Germany; Spain; United Kingdom): May lose automatic place in Eurovision final". ESCToday. Retrieved 13 September 2008.
  7. ^ Viniker, Barry (14 September 2008). "Eurovision 'Big Four' final spots confirmed". ESCToday. Retrieved 14 September 2008.
  8. ^ "SERBIA - Svante Stockselius meets members of OGAE Serbia". Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
  9. ^ Fulton, Rick (14 May 2007). "The East V West Song Contest". Daily Record. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
  10. ^ "🇩🇪 Germany: ARD Confirms Eurovision 2025 Participation". eurovoix.com. 27 May 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
  11. ^ Adams, William Lee (9 July 2015). "Poll: Who was the worst dressed Barbara Dex Award winner?". Wiwibloggs. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
  12. ^ Roxburgh, Gordon (2012). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. One: The 1950s and 1960s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 93–101. ISBN 978-1-84583-065-6.
  13. ^ Roxburgh, Gordon (2014). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Two: The 1970s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 142–168. ISBN 978-1-84583-093-9.
  14. ^ Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
  15. ^ Rau, Oliver (23 May 2005). "Jürgen Meier-Beer withdraws". esctoday.com. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  16. ^ "Eurovision Rewrites the Rule Book". dw.com. 7 October 2007. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  17. ^ Granger, Anthony (6 September 2015). "Germany: Carola Conze New Head of Delegation". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  18. ^ Granger, Anthony (1 November 2017). "Germany: Carola Conze Steps Down as Head of Delegation". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  19. ^ Granger, Anthony (2 March 2019). "Germany: Christoph Pellander To Step Down as Head of Delegation in July". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  20. ^ Kourouvanis, Fotis (5 December 2019). "Germany: New Head of Delegation". eurovisionfun.com. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  21. ^ "Dr. Peter Urban kommentiert". duesseldorf2011.de (in German). 17 December 2010. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
  22. ^ a b "Peter Urban verabschiedet sich vom ESC" [Peter Urban says goodbye to the ESC]. eurovision.de (in German). NDR. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  23. ^ a b "SC 2024: Thorsten Schorn löst Peter Urban als Kommentator ab" [ESC 2024: Thorsten Schorn takes over from Peter Urban as commentator]. Eurovision.de (in German). ARD. 9 April 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  24. ^ "Das Fernsehprogramm – Donnerstag" [The TV programme – Thursday]. Mannheimer Morgen [de] (in German). Mannheim, West Germany. 19 May 1956. p. 20. Retrieved 8 September 2024 – via Marchivum [de].
  25. ^ "Bremen". Hör zu!, Norddeutsche Ausgabe (in German). No. 21/1956. 20 May 1956. p. 47. OCLC 724053084.
  26. ^ "Das westdeutsche Fernseh-Programm – Sonntag, 3. März 1957" [The West German television schedule – Sunday 3 March 1957]. Neckar-Bote (in German). Heidelberg, West Germany. 2 March 1957. p. 4. Retrieved 23 June 2024 – via Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek.
  27. ^ "Frankfurt". Funk- und Fernsehillustrierte (in German). Vol. 25, no. 10/57. 3 March 1957. p. 33. OCLC 724368653.
  28. ^ "Funkprogramm – vom 28. April bis 4. Mai 1957 – Montag, 29. April" [Radio programme – from 28 April to 4 May 1957 – Monday, 29 April]. Honnefer Volkszeitung [de] (in German). Bad Honnef, West Germany. 27 April 1957. p. 5. Retrieved 8 September 2024 – via Zeitungsportal NRW [de].
  29. ^ "Das Fernsehprogramm – Vom 9. März bis 15. März – Mittwoch" [The TV programme – From 9 March to 15 March – Wednesday]. Mannheimer Morgen [de] (in German). Mannheim, West Germany. 8 March 1956. p. 20. Retrieved 9 September 2024 – via Marchivum [de].
  30. ^ "Deutsches Fernsehen – Mittwoch, den 11. März 1959" [German television – Wednesday 11 March 1959]. Neckar-Bote (in German). Heidelberg, West Germany. 7 March 1959. p. 38. Retrieved 23 June 2024 – via Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek.
  31. ^ "Deutsches Fernsehen – Dienstag, den 29. März 1960" [German television – Tuesday 29 March 1960]. Neckar-Bote (in German). Heidelberg, West Germany. 26 March 1960. p. 4. Retrieved 23 June 2024 – via Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek.
  32. ^ "Televisie – Dinsdag" [Television – Tuesday]. Vrije geluiden (in Dutch). Vol. 30, no. 13. 26 March 1960. p. 37. OCLC 72761986. Retrieved 18 September 2024 – via Delpher.
  33. ^ "Sieh fern mit Hörzu! – SA 18. März" [Watch TV with Hörzu! – Sat 18 March]. Hörzu (in German). No. 11. Hamburg, West Germany. 12 March 1961. p. 72. Retrieved 24 May 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  34. ^ "Rundfunk – SA | 18. März" [Radio – Sat | 18 March]. Hörzu (in German). No. 11. Hamburg, West Germany. 12 March 1961. pp. 74–75. Retrieved 24 May 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  35. ^ "Deutsches Fernsehen – I. Programm – Sonntag, 18. März 1962" [German television – I. Programme – Sunday, 18 March 1962]. Neckar-Bote (in German). Heidelberg, West Germany. 17 March 1962. p. 2. Retrieved 23 June 2024 – via Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek.
  36. ^ "Fernsehen heute – Samstag" [Television today – Saturday]. Honnefer Volkszeitung [de] (in German). Bad Honnef, West Germany. 23 March 1963. p. 4. Retrieved 23 June 2024 – via Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek.
  37. ^ Roxburgh, Gordon (2012). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Volume One: The 1950s and 1960s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 291–299. ISBN 978-1-84583-065-6.
  38. ^ "Fernsehprogramm – Samstag" [Television schedule – Saturday]. Honnefer Volkszeitung [de] (in German). Bad Honnef, West Germany. 21 March 1964. p. 5. Retrieved 24 June 2024 – via Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek.
  39. ^ "Fernsehprogramm – Samstag" [Television schedule – Saturday]. Honnefer Volkszeitung [de] (in German). Bad Honnef, West Germany. 20 March 1965. p. 6. Retrieved 23 June 2024 – via Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek.
  40. ^ "Fernsehprogramm – Samstag-Sonntag" [Television schedule – Saturday-Sunday]. Honnefer Volkszeitung [de] (in German). Bad Honnef, West Germany. 5 March 1966. p. 6. Retrieved 23 June 2024 – via Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek.
  41. ^ "Radio-Télévision". Luxemburger Wort (in German and French). 5 March 1966. p. 22. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  42. ^ "Radio-Télévision". Luxemburger Wort (in German and French). Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. 7 April 1967. p. 15. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  43. ^ "Der fernseh - spiegel – Samstag/Sonnabend, 6. April" [The television mirror – Saturday, 6 April]. Staufener Wochenblatt (in German). Staufen im Breisgau, West Germany. 29–30 March 1968. p. 4. Retrieved 8 September 2024 – via University Library Freiburg.
  44. ^ "Der fernseh - spiegel – Samstag/Sonnabend, 29. März" [The television mirror – Saturday, 29 March]. Staufener Wochenblatt (in German). Staufen im Breisgau, West Germany. 21–22 March 1969. p. 6. Retrieved 8 September 2024 – via University Library Freiburg.
  45. ^ "Der fernseh - spiegel – Samstag/Sonnabend, 21. März" [The television mirror – Saturday, 21 March]. Staufener Wochenblatt (in German). Staufen im Breisgau, West Germany. 13–14 March 1970. p. 8. Retrieved 20 September 2024 – via University Library Freiburg.
  46. ^ "samstag 3. april" [Saturday 3 April] (in French and German). Revue Agenda. 2 April 1971. pp. 78–79. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  47. ^ "Am 3. April: Grand Prix Eurovision" [On April 3rd: Eurovision Grand Prix]. Siegener Zeitung [de]. Siegen-Wittgenstein, West Germany. 2 April 1971. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  48. ^ "Tele-Tip heute – Samstag 25. März 1972" [Tele-Tip today – Saturday 25 March 1972]. Bieler Tagblatt (in German). Biel, Switzerland. 25 March 1972. p. 44. Retrieved 5 January 2023 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  49. ^ "Tele-Tip heute – Samstag 7. April 1973" [Tele-Tip today – Saturday 7 April 1973]. Bieler Tagblatt (in German). Biel, Switzerland. 7 April 1973. p. 45. Retrieved 6 January 2023 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  50. ^ "Fernsehen – Samstag" [Television – Saturday]. Der Bund (in German). Bern, Switzerland. 7 April 1974. p. 53. Retrieved 7 January 2023 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  51. ^ "Radio en televisie dit weekend" [Radio and television this weekend]. Limburgs Dagblad (in Dutch). Heerlen, Netherlands. 22 March 1975. p. 7. Retrieved 8 January 2023 – via Delpher.
  52. ^ "Tele-schau: Gesehen – Grand Prix Eurovision (I. Programm)" [Tele-show: Seen – Grand Prix Eurovision (1st Programme)]. Bocholter-Borkener Volksblatt [de] (in German). Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  53. ^ "Radio en televisie dit weekend" [Radio and television this weekend]. Limburgs Dagblad (in Dutch). Heerlen, Netherlands. 3 April 1976. p. 7. Retrieved 9 January 2023 – via Delpher.
  54. ^ Rudorf, Reginald. "Waterloo für Les Humphries" [Waterloo for Les Humphries]. Die Welt (in German). Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  55. ^ "TV–heute" [TV–today]. Walliser Bote [de] (in German). Zürich, Switzerland. 7 May 1977. p. 4. Retrieved 27 July 2024 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  56. ^ "Gesehen – Grand Prix Eurovision (I. Programm)" [Seen – Grand Prix Eurovision (1st Programme)]. Bocholter-Borkener Volksblatt [de] (in German). Bocholt, Germany. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  57. ^ "Radio en televisie dit weekend" [Radio and television this weekend]. Limburgs Dagblad (in Dutch). Heerlen, Netherlands. 22 April 1978. p. 7. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via Delpher.
  58. ^ "Tele-schau: Gesehen – Grand Prix Eurovision (I. Program)" [Tele-show: Seen – Grand Prix Eurovision (1st Programm)]. Bocholter-Borkener Volksblatt [de] (in German). Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  59. ^ "Tele-tip heute" [Tele-tip today]. Thuner Tagblatt (in German). Thun, Switzerland. 31 March 1979. p. 13. Retrieved 11 January 2023 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  60. ^ Lietzberg, Horst. "Schlager-Quiz mit Spannung" [Schlager quiz with excitement]. Hörzu (in German). Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  61. ^ "Radio en televisie, programma's" [Radio and television, programmes]. Limburgs Dagblad (in Dutch). Heerlen, Netherlands. 19 April 1980. p. 9. Retrieved 12 January 2023 – via Delpher.
  62. ^ "Glanzvolles Schlager-Fest" [Brilliant hit festival]. Gong (in German). Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  63. ^ "Radio en televisie, programma's" [Radio and television, programmes]. Limburgs Dagblad (in Dutch). Heerlen, Netherlands. 4 April 1981. p. 6. Retrieved 12 January 2023 – via Delpher.
  64. ^ "Samstag, 24. April" [Saturday 24 April]. Revue Agenda (in French and German). 24 April 1982. pp. 10–11. Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  65. ^ "Plädoyer für den Grand Prix: Europäischer Schlager-Wettbewerb mit Schwung" [Plea for the Grand Prix: European pop music competition with momentum]. Gong (in German). Archived from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  66. ^ "Fernsehen•Rundfunk" [Television•Radio]. Die Welt (in German). Hamburg, West Germany. 23 April 1983. p. 14. Retrieved 24 May 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  67. ^ "Radioprogramm" [Radio program]. Bild+Funk [de] (in German). No. 16/1983. 23 April 1983. p. 95. OCLC 643528928.
  68. ^ "Das bringt der Hörfunk – Sonnabend" [This is what the radio brings – Saturday]. Der Nordschleswiger (in German). Aabenraa, Denmark. 23 April 1983. p. 29. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  69. ^ Veszelits, Thomas (25 April 1983). "Festival der Langeweile" [Festival of boredom]. Abendzeitung (in German). pp. 3–4. ISSN 0177-5367. OCLC 1367315706.
  70. ^ Heller, Erich (25 April 1983). "Langeweile vor dem Grill" [Boredom in front of the grill]. tz (in German). p. 11. OCLC 225542327.
  71. ^ "Fernsehen•Rundfunk" [Television•Radio]. Die Welt (in German). Hamburg, West Germany. 5 May 1984. p. 21. Retrieved 24 May 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  72. ^ Ibel, Wolfgang. "Aufrecht gehn, Mary!" [Walk tall, Mary!]. Neue Ruhr Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  73. ^ "Fernsehen" [Television]. Die Welt (in German). Hamburg, West Germany. 4 May 1985. p. 30. Retrieved 24 May 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  74. ^ Wanninger, Birgit. "'Wir-Gefühl'" ['We-Feeling']. Rheinische Post (in German). Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  75. ^ "Fernsehen" [Television]. Die Welt (in German). Hamburg, West Germany. 3 May 1986. p. 15. Retrieved 26 May 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  76. ^ Ibel, Wolfgang. "'Grand Prix' zum Schlafen" ['Grand Prix' to sleep]. Neue Ruhr Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 17 June 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  77. ^ "Samstag, 9. Mai" [Saturday 9 May]. Revue Agenda (in German). 6 May 1987. pp. 4–6. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  78. ^ Luckow, Alexander. "ARD: Der einzige Störfaktor war Lotti" [ARD: The only disturbing factor was Lotti] (in German). Archived from the original on 1 May 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  79. ^ "TV + Radio · Samstag" [TV + Radio · Saturday]. Bieler Tagblatt (in German). Zürich, Switzerland. 30 April 1988. p. 22. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2023 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  80. ^ "Tränen um Mitternacht" [Tears at midnight]. Gong (in German). Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  81. ^ "Samstag, 6 Mai | Samedi, 6 mai" [Saturday 6 May]. Télé-Revue (in French, German, and Luxembourgish). 3 May 1989. pp. 10–13. Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  82. ^ "Fernsehen" [Television]. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). Zürich, Switzerland. 5 May 1990. p. 31. Archived from the original on 25 May 2024. Retrieved 28 November 2022 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  83. ^ "Unsere Chancen für Oslo" [Our Chance for Oslo]. Abendzeitung (in German). 14 March 2010. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022. Egner, der den Grand Prix 1990 in Zagreb kommentiert hat [...] [Egner, who commented on the 1990 Eurovision in Zagreb [...]]
  84. ^ "Fernsehen und Radio am Samstag" [Television and radio on Saturday]. Der Bund (in German). Bern, Switzerland. 4 May 1991. p. 14. Archived from the original on 25 May 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2022 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  85. ^ "Radio- en TV-Programma's Zaterdag" [Radio and TV Programmes on Saturday]. Leidse Courant (in Dutch). 9 May 1992. p. 13. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  86. ^ "Jan Hofer sagt "Tschau" zur Tagesschau" [Jan Hofer says "goodbye" to the Tagesschau]. egoFM [de] (in German). 14 December 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  87. ^ "Fernsehen" [Television]. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). Zürich, Switzerland. 15 May 1993. pp. 27, 30. Archived from the original on 25 May 2024. Retrieved 26 October 2022 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  88. ^ "Jan Hofer sagt "Tschau" zur Tagesschau" [Jan Hofer says "goodbye" to the Tagesschau]. egoFM [de] (in German). 14 December 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  89. ^ "Co vysílají sousedé 15. 5.—21. 5. – Bayern 1 – /So/" [What the neighbours are broadcasting 15/05—21/05 – Bayern 1 – /Sat/]. Rozhlasový týdeník (in Czech). No. 21. 10 May 1993. p. 18. Retrieved 19 May 2024 – via Kramerius [cs].
  90. ^ "TV + Radio – Samstag" [TV + Radio – Saturday]. Bieler Tagblatt (in German). Biel, Switzerland. 30 April 1994. p. 22. Archived from the original on 25 May 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2022 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  91. ^ "Radio / TV Samstag" [Radio / TV Saturday]. Freiburger Nachrichten (in German). Fribourg, Switzerland. 13 May 1995. p. 10. Retrieved 10 October 2022 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  92. ^ Wolther, Irving (2022). "From trouble to bubble? The ambiguous relationship between professional journalists and fan media in the Eurovision Song Contest". In Dubin, Adam; Vuletic, Dean; Obregón, Antonio (eds.). The Eurovision Song Contest as a Cultural Phenomenon: From Concert Halls to the Halls of Academia. Abingdon-on-Thames, United Kingdom: Routledge. pp. 203–206. doi:10.4324/9781003188933-17. ISBN 978-1-03-203774-5.
  93. ^ "Samstag 18. Mai | Samedi 15 mai" [Saturday 15 May]. Télé-Revue (in German, French, and Luxembourgish). 15 May 1996. pp. 10–15. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  94. ^ "1996 bringt ESC-Neuanfang für Deutschland" [1996 brought a new Eurovision beginning for Germany]. NDR (in German). 4 August 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  95. ^ "Samstag 3. Mai | Samedi 3 mai" [Saturday 3 May]. Télé-Revue (in German, French, and Luxembourgish). 30 April 1997. p. 8–13. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  96. ^ "Samstag 9. Mai | Samedi 9 mai" [Saturday 9 May]. Télé-Revue (in German, French, and Luxembourgish). 6 May 1998. p. 8–13. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  97. ^ "Samstag 29. Mai | Samedi 29 mai" [Saturday 29 May]. Télé-Revue (in German, French, and Luxembourgish). 27 May 1999. pp. 14–19. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  98. ^ "'Für Kaffee und Mineralwasser ist gesorgt': Peter Urban kommentiert den 'Eurovision Song Contest' 2000" ['Coffee and mineral water are provided': Peter Urban comments on the Eurovision Song Contest 2000] (Press release) (in German). Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 12 May 2000. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  99. ^ "'Countdown Grand Prix Eurovision' - die Teilnehmer stehen fest" ['Countdown Grand Prix Eurovision' - the participants have been confirmed] (Press release) (in German). Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 9 January 2001. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  100. ^ "Radio/TV Samstag" [Radio/TV Saturday]. Freiburger Nachrichten (in German). 25 May 2002. p. 9. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2022 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  101. ^ "Der lange "Grand Prix Eurovision"-Abend im Ersten: Alles rund um die Entscheidung des Finales in Tallinn" [The long "Grand Prix Eurovision" evening on Das Erste: Everything about the decision of the final in Tallinn] (Press release) (in German). Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 23 May 2002. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  102. ^ "TV/Radio Samstag" [Radio/TV Saturday]. Freiburger Nachrichten (in German). 24 May 2003. p. 9. Retrieved 8 December 2022 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  103. ^ "www.grandprix2003.de: NDR berichtet im Internet live aus Kiel und Riga; Jetzt: Songs hören, Tickets gewinnen 17" (Press release) (in German). Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 10 February 2003. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  104. ^ "TV/Radio – Samstag, 15 Mai 2004" [TV/Radio – Saturday, 15 May 2004]. Freiburger Nachrichten (in German). Fribourg, Switzerland. 12 May 2004. p. 16. Retrieved 16 January 2023 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  105. ^ "Eurovision Song Contest in Kiew: Gracia mit günstiger Startnummer 17" [Eurovision Song Contest in Kiev: Gracia with favorable starting number 17] (Press release) (in German). Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 23 March 2004. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  106. ^ "'Eurovision Song Contest': Wer gewinnt den Grand Prix?" ['Eurovision Song Contest': Who will win the Grand Prix?] (Press release) (in German). ARD. 15 March 2004. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  107. ^ "TV/Radio – Donnerstag, 19. Mai 2005" [TV/Radio – Thursday, 19 May 2005]. Freiburger Nachrichten (in German). Fribourg, Switzerland. 19 May 2005. p. 25. Retrieved 28 January 2023 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  108. ^ "Eurovision Song Contest in Kiew: Gracia mit günstiger Startnummer 17" [Eurovision Song Contest in Kiev: Gracia with favorable starting number 17] (Press release) (in German). Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 23 March 2005. Archived from the original on 21 May 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  109. ^ "TV/Radio – Samstag, 20. Mai 2006" [TV/Radio – Saturday, 20 May 2006]. Walliser Bote (in German). Brig, Switzerland. 20 May 2006. p. 22. Retrieved 2 February 2023 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  110. ^ "'Eurovision Song Contest': Texas Lightning mit Startnummer 8" (Press release) (in German). Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 22 March 2006. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  111. ^ "'Eurovision Song Contest': Roger Cicero mit Startnummer 16" ['Eurovision Song Contest': Roger Cicero with starting number 16] (Press release) (in German). Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 12 March 2007. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  112. ^ "Die Grand Prix Termine im Fernsehen" [The Grand Prix dates on television] (in German). NDR. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  113. ^ "Der ESC 2008 im Fernsehen" [The ESC 2008 on television] (in German). NDR. Archived from the original on 3 May 2008. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  114. ^ "'Eurovision Song Contest 2009': Tim Frühling kommentiert" ['Eurovision Song Contest 2009': Tim Frühling comments] (Press release) (in German). Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 4 May 2009. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  115. ^ "'Eurovision Song Contest': Halbfinale laufen auf PHOENIX bzw. im NDR Fernsehen Sendetermine: Dienstag, 12. Mai, und Donnerstag, 14. Mai" ['Eurovision Song Contest': Semi-finals will be broadcast on PHOENIX and NDR Television. Broadcast dates: Tuesday, 12 May and Thursday, 14 May] (Press release) (in German). Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 11 May 2009. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  116. ^ "ESC 2010: Alle Fernsehtermine im Überblick – Das Erste: Eurovision Song Contest – Hintergründe" [ESC 2010: All TV dates at a glance – Das Erste: Eurovision Song Contest – Background]. Eurovision.ndr.de. Archived from the original on 3 June 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
  117. ^ "Der 'Eurovision Song Contest'-Countdown beginnt" [The Eurovision Song Contest countdown begins]. Cinefacts.de. 9 May 2011. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
  118. ^ "ESC 2012 Eurovision Song Contest 2012" (in German). ARD. 18 May 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
  119. ^ "NDR 2 Spezial: Der umstrittene ESC in Baku" (in German). NDR. 24 May 2012. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
  120. ^ "Eurovision Song Contest 2012". hr (in German). 24 May 2012. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
  121. ^ Sommer, Sascha (30 January 2013). "Peter Urban: Die Stimme" [Peter Urban: The Voice]. NDR (in German). Archived from the original on 24 April 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  122. ^ "Der TV-Fahrplan für den ESC 2014 und weiteren Specials" [The TV schedule for the ESC 2014 and other specials] (in German). ESCfans.de. 4 April 2014. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  123. ^ "Urban: "Ann Sophie singt cool und überzeugend"" [Urban: "Ann Sophie sings cool and convincingly"] (in German). eurovision.de. 6 March 2015. Archived from the original on 7 May 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
  124. ^ "TV-Termine: Beide ESC Halbfinale live auf Phoenix, EinsFestival & EinsPlus" [Dates: Both ESC semifinals live on Phoenix, EinsFestival & EinsPlus] (in German). Prinz. 9 April 2015. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  125. ^ Granger, Anthony (5 April 2016). "Phoenix to broadcast both semi-finals". eurovoix.com. Eurovoix. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  126. ^ "ESC 2016: Sendetermine im Fernsehen und Online" [ESC 2016: broadcast dates on television and online]. eurovision.de (in German). ARD. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  127. ^ "ESC: Streit um Sängerin aus Russland" [ESC: Controversy over Russian singer]. metrotime.be (in German). 23 March 2017. Archived from the original on 1 April 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  128. ^ "Alle Teilnehmer und Länder in Lissabon" [All participants and countries in Lisbon]. eurovision.de. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017.
  129. ^ "ESC-Kommentator: Wer ist eigentlich dieser Peter Urban?" [ESC commentator: Who is this Peter Urban?]. tz.de. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  130. ^ Granger, Anthony (12 February 2019). "Germany: Peter Urban Confirmed as Commentator & Barbara Schöneberger To Host Countdown Show". Eurovoix. Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  131. ^ "Sendetermine im TV und Livestreams zum ESC 2019" [TV broadcast dates and live streams for ESC 2019]. www.eurovision.de (in German). NDR. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  132. ^ NDR. "Best of Peter Urban: Erstes ESC-Halbfinale 2019" [Best of Peter Urban: First ESC semi-final 2019]. www.eurovision.de (in German). Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  133. ^ NDR. "Best of Peter Urban: Zweites ESC-Halbfinale 2019" [Best of Peter Urban: Second ESC semi-final 2019]. www.eurovision.de (in German). Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  134. ^ Bayer, Felix (27 February 2020). "Professionell - aber auch originell?" [Professional - but also original?] (in German). Spiegel. Archived from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  135. ^ NDR. "ESC 2020: Ben Dolic bei "Unser Lied für Rotterdam"" [ESC 2020: Ben Dolic at "Our Song for Rotterdam"]. eurovision.de (in German). Archived from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  136. ^ NDR. "Barbara Schöneberger moderiert "Countdown für Rotterdam"" [Barbara Schöneberger hosts "Countdown for Rotterdam"]. eurovision.de (in German). Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  137. ^ NDR. "ESC 2021: Sendetermine in TV, Radio und Livestreams zum ESC". eurovision.de (in German). Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  138. ^ "GERMANY – Zero Points! - die Show zum Eurovision Song Contest | radioeins". Archived from the original on 12 May 2022.
  139. ^ "Wo, wann, was? Alle Sendungen zum ESC 2022". eurovision.de (in German). ARD. 18 November 2021. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  140. ^ "ESC 2022: Shows aus Turin barrierefrei sehen und hören". www.eurovision.de (in German). ARD. 7 April 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  141. ^ Granger, Anthony (18 April 2022). "Germany: Peter Urban to Commentate on Eurovision 2022". Eurovoix. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  142. ^ Granger, Anthony (19 April 2022). "Germany: Deutsche Welle Broadcasting the Grand Final of Eurovision 2022". Eurovoix. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  143. ^ "Die deutsche Jury für den ESC 2022 in Turin". eurovision.de (in German). NDR. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  144. ^ Peter (10 May 2023). "Elton verkündet die deutschen ESC-Jurypunkte 2023 aus Hamburg" [Elton announces the German ESC jury points 2023 from Hamburg]. ESC kompakt (in German). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  145. ^ https://www.radioeins.de/programm/sendungen/sendungen/375/2305/230513_sondersendung_20689.html [bare URL]
  146. ^ "Online oder TV? Alle Sendungen zum Eurovision Song Contest 2024" [Online or TV? All broadcasts of the Eurovision Song Contest 2024]. Eurovision.de (in German). ARD. 6 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  147. ^ "Ina Müller verkündet Punkte der deutschen Jury" [Ina Müller announces the points of the German jury]. Eurovision.de (in German). ARD. 30 April 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  148. ^ "Germany - Zero Points!" (in German). RBB. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  149. ^ Wærhaug, Sølvi (24 August 1981). «Nesten krise …». VG. s. 36.
  150. ^ Wærhaug, Sølvi (18 August 1981). «Fire verdensdeler følger Momarkedet». VG. s. 37.
  151. ^ "Eurovision Congratulations to be screened in Germany". ESCToday. 28 September 2005. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  152. ^ "Germany: Will Broadcast Eurovision's Greatest Hits". Eurovoix. 2 April 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  153. ^ "Jubiläums-Show: "Eurovision's Greatest Hits" im TV". NDR. 24 April 2015. Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  154. ^ Granger, Anthony (26 April 2020). "Germany: Organises Two Shows To Determine The Nations Eurovision 2020 Winner". Eurovoix. Retrieved 9 July 2020.

Works cited

[edit]
[edit]